The Indian Army has launched a major modernization program to upgrade its legacy ZU-23-2 air defence guns, transforming them into advanced counter-drone and low-altitude air defence platforms. The upgrade integrates an electro-optical/infrared targeting suite with thermal imaging and high-definition cameras, enabling detection of aerial threats at ranges of up to 5–6 kilometres in all weather and lighting conditions. A laser rangefinder and digital fire control computer replace manual targeting processes, allowing real-time calculation of firing solutions and significantly improving accuracy against fast-moving drones. Mechanical enhancements include the replacement of manual controls with electric drive systems for automated tracking. A total of 142 upgraded units will be deployed to secure critical assets such as airbases and logistics hubs, reflecting a broader doctrinal shift toward countering emerging drone threats.
